Ultrasound -Basics,Procedure,Images, Powerpoint Presentations.

Ultrasound or Ultrasonogram, refers to use of sound waves of ultra high frequency 2 million to 20 million Hertz (cycles per second) in 2 to 20 MHz to perform imaging.

USG Probe: Ultrasound scanner has a specialised tranducer made of piezoelectric crystals capable of producing such ultra high frequency sound waves.The tranducer is also refered to as probe.The probes commonly used are curvilinear probe, linear probe , endoraginal probe and endorectal probe.

USG coupling gel: The interface between the tranducer/problems is filled by air which can reflect the ultrasound waves emergency from the probes.To circumvent this a coupling gel is used. The tranducer, coupling gel and skin have same acoustic impedance.

Echogenicity : The appearance of various structures or an USG are referred in terms of ecnogenicity as

1.hyperechoic – reflect sound waves
2.hypoechoic. – partly reflect sound waves
3.anechoeic – absorb sound waves or transmit

Posterior Acoustic Enhancement & Shadowing :

Increased brightness seen beyond objects that transmit a lot of sound waves is referred to as posterior acoustic enhancement. – Area beyond fluid filled cysts display posterior acoustic enhancement.

Posterior Acoustic shadowing:
Decreased brightness seen beyond objects that reflect major part of sound waves impinging on them.
Tissues lying beyond gall stones exhibit posterior acoustic shadowing.

Doppler in Ultrasound:
Doppler USG makes use of doppler shift i.e. the variation in the frequency and wavelength of returning sound waves after impinging on a moving object.
Doppler finds its application in detecting of vascularity of masses, direction of blood flow in vessels, to rule out obstruction in blood vessels, to detect perforator incompetence etc.

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• Thyroid Audit
• Abdominal Pain
• Abdominal Ultrasound
• Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
• DOPPLER ULTRASOUND in Pregnancy
• Ultrasound Video Processing for Quantitative Analysis of Fetus
• First Trimester Ultrasound USAFP
• Ultrasonography in Pregnancy
• DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY
• Fetal Cardiology
• Ultrasound
• Fetal Wellbeing and Antenatal Monitoring – ANTEPARTUM FETAL MONITORING
• The Role of Ultrasound in Obstetric and Gynaecology
• Middle Cerebral Artery Doppler

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