BIOCHEMITRY MNEMONICS

Essential amino acids 

PVT. TIM HALL: Phe Val Thr Trp Ile Met His Arg Leu Lys · Pvt. is short for Private in the military. · Arg and His are considered semiessential. · Alternatively: "MATT VIL PHLy".

Dicarboxylic acids (alpha, omega) C2 through C10: common names 

"Oh My, Such Good Apple Pie, Sweet As Sugar!": Oxalic Malonic Succinic Glutaric Adipic Pimelic Suberic Azelaic Sebacic

Vitamins: which are fat soluble 

KADE: Vitamin K Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E

Na/K pump: concentrations of Na vs. K on inside/outside of cell, pump action, number of molecules moved

HIKIN': There is a HIgh K concentration INside the cell. From this can deduce that the Na/K pump pumps K into cell and Na out of cell. Alternatively: When I was learning this pump (circa 1992), a band that was "in" was Kris Kross, and a band that was "out" was "Sha Na Na Na": So pump moves K K (2 K) in and Na Na Na (3 Na) out. · Sadly, as infectious as their debut album was, Kris Kross can really no longer be classed as "in".

Glycolysis steps 

"Goodness Gracious, Father Franklin Did Go By Picking Pumpkins (to) Prepare Pies": Glucose Glucose-6-P Fructose-6-P Fructose-1,6-diP Dihydroxyacetone-P Glyceraldehyde-P 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate 3-Phosphoglycerate 2-Phosphoglycerate (to) Phosphoenolpyruvate [PEP] Pyruvate · 'Did', 'By' and 'Pies' tell you the first part of those three: di-, bi-, and py-. · 'PrEPare' tells location of PEP in the process.

Citric acid cycle compounds 

"Oh Citric Acid Is Of (course) A SiLly STupid Funny Molecule": Oxaloacetate Citrate Aconitate Isocitrate Oxalosuccinate Alpha-ketoglutarate SuccinyL-CoA SuccinaTe Fumarate Malate · SilLy and sTupid used to differentiate succinyL and succinaTe

B vitamin names 

"The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious": · In increasing order: Thiamine (B1) Riboflavin (B2) Niacin (B3) Pyridoxine (B6) Cobalamin (B12)

AcetylCoA and acetacetylCoA: amino acids forming them 

"A Lighter Lease" (A LyTr LeIs): A=AcetylCoA or Acetoacetyl CoA Ly=Lysine Tr=Tryptophan Le=Leucine Is=Isoleucine

Fabry's disease 

FABRY'S: Foam cells found in glomeruli and tubules/ Febrile episodes Alpha galactosidase A deficiency/ Angiokeratomas Burning pain in extremities/ BUN increased in serum/ Boys Renal failure YX genotype (male, X linked recessive) Sphingolipidoses

Citric acid cycle compounds 

"Can I Keep Selling Sex For Money, Officer?": Citrate Isocitrate alpha Ketogluterate Succinyl CoA Succinate Fumerate Malate Oxaloacetate

Hypervitaminosis A: signs and symptoms 

"Increased Vitamin A makes you HARD": Headache/ Hepatomegaly Anorexia/ Alopecia Really painful bones Dry skin/ Drowsiness

Golgi complex: functions 

"Golgi Distributes A SPAM": Distributes proteins and lipids from ER Add mannose onto specific lysosome proteins Sulfation of sugars and slected tyrosine Proteoglycan assembly Add O-oligosugars to serine and threnonine Modify N-ologosugars on aspara

Citric acid cycle compounds 

"Oh! Can I Keep Some Succinate For Myself?": Oxaloacetate Citrate Isocitrate Ketoglutarate Succinyl coA Succinate Fumarate Malate

G protein type for respective receptors 

"KISS and KICK till you're SICK of SEX" (QISS and QIQ till you're SIQ of SQS): · This gives the G-protein type (Gq, Gi, or Gs) for all the receptors. Receptors are in alphabetical order: alpha1=Q alpha2=I beta1=S beta3=S M1=Q M2=I M3=Q D1=S D2=I H1=Q H2=S V1=Q V2=S

Folate deficiency: causes 

A FOLIC DROP: Alcoholism Folic acid antagonists Oral contraceptives Low dietary intake Infection with Giardia Celiac sprue Dilatin Relative folate deficiency Old Pregnant

Metabolic acidosis (normal anion-gap): causes 

· With hyperkalemia: RAISE K+:

RTA type 4
Aldosterone or mineralocorticord deficiency
Iatrogenic: NH4Cl, HCl
"Stenosis": obstructive uropathy
Early uremia

· With hypokalemia: ReDUCE K+:
Renal TA type 1 and 2
Diarrhoea
Urine diversion into gut
Carbonate anhydrase inhibitor
Ex-hyperventilation