MEDICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY MNEMONICS

Post Enucleation Socket Syndrome (PESS)

• Ptosis
• Enophthalmos
• Deep upper Sulcus
• Slack lower lid

Associations of Vortex Keratopathy: ABCD

• Arthritis (diclofenac)
• Breast Cancer (Tamoxifen)
• Cardiac (amiodarone)
• Dementia / Depression (Chlorpromazine)
• Enzyme deficiency (see F)
• Fabry's Disease

Features of Keratoconus: CONES 

• Central scarring & Fleischer ring
• Oil drop reflex / Oedema (hydrops)
• Nerves prominent
• Excessive bulging of lower lid on downgaze (Munson’s sign)
• Striae (Vogt’s)

Systemic associations of keratoconus: ABCDEF

• Atopy
• Bones (osteogenesis imperfecta)
• Crouzon’s syndrome
• Down’s syndrome
• Ehler’s Danlos syndrome
• Fingers (Marfan’s)

Stromal dystrophies: Marilyn Monroe Always Gets Her Man in LA City 

• Macular dystrophy
• Mucopolysaccharide
• Alcian blue
• Granular Dystrophy
• Hyaline material
• Masson's Trichrome
• Lattice Dystrophy
• Amyloid
• Congo Red

Secondary glaucoma: NIPPLES

• Neovascular
• Iridoschisis
• PXF
• Pigmentary
• Lens (phacolytic/phacomorphic)
• Iridocorneal Endothelial syndromes
• Seclusio pupillae (in iritis)
• +trauma (angle recession)

Iridocorneal Endothelial (ICE) Syndrome subtypes: ICE

• Iris Naevus
• Chandler Syndrome
• Essential Iris Atrophy

Systemic Features of Sarcoid: FILLED BAGEL

• Facial nerve palsy
• Infiltrates of lung parenchyma, Insufficiency of pituitary
• Lymphadenopathy (esp lung hilae)
• Liver & spleen enlargement
• Elevated ACE & calcium
• Dilated cardiomyopathy

• Bone cysts
• Arthralgia
• Granulomata of skin
• Erythema nodosum
• Lupus pernio

Features of Behcet's Disease: ORAL UPSET

• Occlusive periphlebitis
• Retinitis
• Anterior uveitis
• Leakage from retinal vessels
• Ulceration (aphthous/genital)
• Pustules after skin trauma (Pathergy test)
• Scratching leaves lines (dermatographism)
• Erythema nodosum
• Thrombophlebitis

Clinical features of Reiter’s: FUCKING

• Plantar Fasciitis
• Urethritis
• Conjunctivitis
• Keratoderma blenorrhagica
• Inflamed joints
• Nail dystrophy
• Gum ulceration

Ophthalmic features of TB: BCG GP

• Busacca & Koeppe nodules on iris
• Choroiditis
• Granulomata in choroid
• Granulomatous uveitis (with mutton fat KP’s)
• Periphlebitis

Causes of cataract: DAMAGED 

• Diabetes
• Atopy
• Myopia / Myotonic dystrophy
• Anterior uveitis (chronic)
• Glaucomflecken
• Electricity / radiation / trauma
• Drugs / Dystrophies

Drugs causing cataract: ABCD 

• Amiodarone
• Busulphan
• Chlorpromazine
• Dexamethasone (po/g)

Causes of ectopia lentis: ECTOPIC M&M 

• Eye degeneration (phthisis)
• Choroidal tumours
• Trauma
• Overstretched zonules (buphthalmos / megalocornea)
• AR with Pupil ectopy
• Isolated AR
• Cystathione beta-synthase deficiency (homocystinuria)
• Marfans
• Weill-Marchesani syndrome

Features of posterior scleritis: POST SCLER

• Proptosis
• Ophthalmoplegia
• Swelling of disc
• Thickening of sclera (US/CT) & T sign (fluid in sub-Tenon’s space)
• Subretinal exudates
• Choroidal foLds
• Exudative RD
• Ring choroidal detachment

Differential Diagnosis of Drusen: AGEING

• Alports Syndrome
• Glomerulonephritis
• Exudate (Hard)
• Inherited (Familial Dominant Drusen)
• North Carolina Dystrophy
• starGardts and fundus flavimaculatus

Suspicious Choroidal Naevi: To Find Small Ocular Melanoma

• Thickness >2mm
• Fluid (subretinal)
• Symptoms
• Orange pigment (lipofuscin)
• Margin at optic disc

Classification of Retinoblastoma: ABCDE 

• SmAll (<3mm)
• Bigger (>3mm, macular, subretinal fluid)
• Contained Seeds
• Diffuse seeds (>3mm)
• Extensive (>50% globe, opaque media, NVI)

Features of Weill-Marchesani syndrome: 6 S’s

• Short
• Stubby fingers
• Stupid
• Spherophakia
• Subluxed lens
• Shallow AC (?)

Systemic features of Marfan syndrome: MARFANS

• Mitral prolapse
• Aortic dissection
• Regurgitant aortic valve
• Fingers long (arachnodactyly)
• Arm span>height
• Nasal voice (high arched palate)
• Sternal excavation

Ocular features of Marfan’s: CLUMPS

• Cupping (glaucoma)
• Lattice
• Upward lens subluxation
• Myopia
• Cornea Plana
• Sclera blue

Things to remember about Lyme Disease: TICK’S CRAP

• Tick-borne
• Iritis & intermediate uveitis
• Conjunctivitis
• Keratitis (subepithelial, punctate)
• Swelling of disc & Star at macula
• Cardiac arrythmias (conduction defects)
• Rash (erythema migrans)
• Arthritis
• Palsies